Six weeks after a British militant who is suspected of being an Islamic State executioner slipped out of the country, police sent a letter asking him to surrender his passport, a security bungle that has drawn criticism from opposition lawmakers.
Though the masked militant who was shown directing the killing of five men in an IS propaganda video has not been officially identified, media including the BBC and the Daily Telegraph have named him as Siddhartha Dhar, a Londoner who once sold inflatable bouncy castle toys.
Dhar, 32, left Britain for Syria in September 2014 while on police bail after his arrest on suspicion of belonging to a banned group and encouraging terrorism.
"The system has failed because it allowed him to abscond to Syria," Andy Burnham, the home affairs spokesman for the opposition Labour Party, said in parliament on Tuesday.
"Even if the correct procedures were followed, I have evidence that they were far too weak," he said.
Britain’s independent reviewer of terrorism laws said the main failing in the Dhar case was not asking him to hand over his travel papers immediately.
Burnham cited a police letter to Dhar dated November 7, 2014 setting out bail conditions, including surrendering his passport, that was sent six weeks after the militant had left Britain. In the letter, Dhar, who was said to have fled with his pregnant wife and four children, was urged to contact police.
Dhar turned up in Syria two weeks after the letter was sent brandishing a gun and a baby and taunting Britain for its "shoddy" security that allowed him to "breeze" into Syria.
Concerns over the ease with which a man suspected of terrorism offences could flee Britain add to worries about the unhindered travel within Europe of the militants behind the November 13 Paris attacks which killed 130 people.
Abdelhamid Abaaoud, suspected mastermind behind the Paris attacks, had also mocked European frontier controls and boasted how easy it was for him to move between Syria to his Belgian homeland and the rest of Europe.
Borderless Europe?
Since the Paris attacks, the European Union has stepped up checks on its citizens traveling abroad and is seeking more data on passenger travel.
Still, the flow of foreign fighters to Syria has so far shown no sign of decreasing and the United States has called for better cross-Atlantic information sharing to prevent attacks.
The identity of the militant in the Islamic State film has stoked intense speculation because it revived memories of "Jihadi John", another British militant who was shown in IS videos beheading US and British hostages.
Jihadi John, unmasked as Londoner Mohammed Emwazi, was killed by a joint US-British missile strike in November.
British Home Secretary (interior minister) Theresa May, who refused to comment on speculation about the identity of the English-accented militant in the Islamic State video, said Britain had tightened exit controls.
"They are now taking place at the various ports of exit and in a variety of ways, according to how the information about someone’s exit is being held," she said.
She added that the decision on whether to place a suspect on police bail was an operational matter.
Syria has become the pre-eminent global incubator for a new generation of militants after Islamist groups more than doubled their recruitment of foreign fighters to as many as 31,000 over the past 18 months, former senior British intelligence official Richard Barrett said last month.
Syria's incubator
In the chaos of Syria's civil war, most foreign fighters end up in militant groups including Islamic State, which uses an extreme interpretation of Islam to justify attacks on its foes and impose repressive rule in swathes of Syria and neighboring Iraq that it has captured.
According to Barrett, now senior vice president of the Soufan Group, a New York intelligence consultancy, foreign fighters come from Tunisia, Saudi Arabia and the former Soviet Union, while about 5,000 have traveled from the European Union.
Britain says about 800 UK citizens have traveled to Syria and about half have returned, though some have also perished in the war, putting a strain on the police and security forces who are tasked with monitoring the militants.
British media, citing voice experts, say the voice on the IS video sounds like recordings of Abu Rumaysah, born Siddharta Dhar to a London Hindu family, who for many years gave speeches and interviews as a prominent figure in the group al-Muhajiroun.
His sister told media the voice of the militant in the video sounds like her brother although she was not sure it was him.
The group was founded by Syrian-born Islamist cleric Omar Bakri in the late 1990s and called for Sharia law in Britain. It was banned under anti-terrorist laws in 2010.
The main failing in Dhar's case was not immediately demanding his passport, according to David Anderson, a lawyer and Britain’s independent reviewer of terrorism laws.
"Where it seems to have broken down is first of all in not ensuring that the passport was handed over," Anderson told the BBC. He said thousands of people were subjected to surveillance but he suspected Dhar would not have been near the top of the list.
“I doubt he was at the top of the queue for what are pretty scarce surveillance resources.”
